ACCase-inhibiting herbicides: mechanism of action, resistance evolution and stewardship

Herbicides play an important role in preventing crop yield losses due to both their weed interference ability and capacity for increasing soil conservation no-till systems. Group A herbicides or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) are essential tools the selective management of glyphosate resistance grass species. In this review, we describe aspects ACCase biology targeting enzyme, along with a discussion on stewardship programs delay evolution herbicide which can evolve either through target site and/or non-target mechanisms. Sixteen-point mutations have been reported confer inhibitors. Each mutation confers cross different group herbicides. Metabolic result multiple mechanisms action (MoA), detoxification is often conferred by cytochrome P450 monooxigenases glutathione- S -transferases. Regardless whether site, using same MoA will evolution. Therefore, while field surveys mechanism studies crucial designing reactive strategies, integrated plays central proactive mitigation